Andreas Gunst

This Practice Note provides an introduction to Biofuels and how they are regulated in the UK. It was written in partnership with Andreas Gunst at DLA Piper.

This Practice Note looks at the legislation background, both EU and domestic, to electric and ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs), grouped under the heading of ‘e-mobility’. The Practice Note considers in detail, key supporting legislation including Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (the Renewable Energy Directive), Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFID), the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulations 2017 and the (now revoked) Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources Regulations 2011. It also touches on some of the schemes designed by the government to promote the uptake of e-mobility and recharging infrastructure.

This Practice Note looks at the legislation background, both EU and domestic, to liquefied natural gas (LNG) or compressed natural gas (CNG) powered vehicles, in particular it looks in detail at the relevant provisions of Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure (AFID), the state of its implementation in the UK, and touches on some schemes which aim to promote the uptake of LNG and CNG as a vehicle fuel and development of refuelling infrastructure.

This Practice Note describes the key features of the regime for electricity licensing in Great Britain (GB). It covers the general requirements set out in the Electricity Act 1989 for entities undertaking certain activities in the GB electricity market to hold a licence, the power to grant licences and the process through which this occurs. It includes coverage of the electricity supply licence, electricity distribution licence, electricity transmission licence (system operator and system owner), interconnector licence, and smart metering communications licence. It also addresses the circumstances in which an exemption from the general requirement to hold a licence may exist and the process of ‘Licence Lite’ available in the electricity supply sector.

This Practice Note provides a detailed overview of the key participants in the Great Britain electricity market. This Great Britain (GB) electricity market overview covers the principal organisations/types of organisation involved in the generation, transmission, international interconnection, distribution, and supply of electricity (electricity wholesale market, electricity retail market, and electricity networks market). It also provides details of those who regulate and administer the main controls, industry codes, support mechanism and policies seen in the electricity market.